Note that you must replace the with actual values in the following code examples to run the examples. Search results must meet at least one of the two conditions Furthermore, an OR link can be used or a condition can be negated: Here, a logical AND operation is implicitly assumed. Several search parameters can also be combined. Below, you’ll find an overview of the most commonly used search parameters: This is followed by a space and the value of the parameter. A search parameter consists of a hyphen that is immediately followed by the name of the parameter. These tests often play an important role when using scripts to automate your work.First, the command itself is written, followed by a directory path, and a variable number of search parameters. Some of these options can help ensure that your scripts check files before trying to use them or avoid overwriting them if they already exist. There are a lot of ways to check and verify files on the command line or within scripts. if - True if FILE1 and FILE2 refer to the same device and inode numbers.if - True if FILE1 is older than FILE2 or if FILE2 exists and FILE1 does not.if - True if FILE1 has been changed more recently than FILE2 or if FILE1 exists and FILE2 does not.if - True if FILE exists and is a socket.if - True if FILE exists and has been modified since it was last read.If you need to watch a particular file and. lsof wont tell you about file that were opened two microseconds ago and closed one microsecond ago. lsof is available for just about every unix variant. if - True if FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID The lsof command (already mentioned in several answers) will tell you what process has a file open at the time you run it.if - True if FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID.if - True if FILE exists and is executable.if - True if FILE exists and is writable.if - True if FILE exists and its SUID (set user ID) bit is set.if - True if file descriptor FD is open and refers to a terminal.if - True if FILE exists and has a size greater than zero.First, let’s find all whatever.txt files: find test -name whatever. if - True if FILE exists and is readable Let’s have a look at the find commands to find our target directories and files.if - True if FILE exists and is a named pipe (FIFO).if - True if FILE exists and its sticky bit is set.if - True if FILE exists and is a symbolic link CentOS offers the command 'find' that allows you to efficiently look for files on your hard drive.if - True if FILE exists and its SGID bit is set.if - True if FILE exists and is a regular file.if - True if FILE exists and is a directory.if - True if FILE exists and is a character-special file.if - True if FILE exists and is a block-special file.Just remember that any can be reversed with a ! symbol (e.g., if ). Here is a list of all the if tests that check the status of files. All if commands for checking the status of files Using -ot (older than) in place of -nt has the opposite effect. You can use if tests to determine if one file has been changed more recently than another. The echo command below adds a line, so the second test result is the opposite of the first. The -N checks whether a file’s content was modified since the last time it was read. The chmod command sets the bits being tested in the second and third examples. You can also check whether a file is a character-special file, if its SGID (set group ID) bit is set and if its SUID (set user ID) bit is set. Note that these tests only check your access rights, not anyone else’s and that the files tested above are all in the bin directory in the user’s home directory (~/bin). Here are a few examples: if echo readable The ! can be used with any of the if tests. This of -s as “some content” and ! -s as “no content”. To change the command above to test whether the file is empty, do this: $ if then
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